Psychological Contract: Work-Life Balance in Retail

Psychological Contract: Work-Life Balance in Retail Title: A contemporary analysis of the concept of work life balance and the effects of the psychological contract within the business. Geared towards retail. A compiled list of the 6 main sources of information that could be used with justification as to why they are relevant and a paragraph on key theories/models, analysis tools that would be used in this dissertation. A total of around 600 words. With regard to the paper recently completed, this addendum represents some further thoughts and resources which would be required to expand the work into a wider study. There are three themes which would need to be pursued in a more detailed examination of this topic. The nature of the generic Psychological Contract. The nature of the Psychological Contract in the Retail Sector, and its relationship with marketing. The nature of HRM and SHRM (Strategic Human Resources Management) in the Retail Sector. These themes would need to be explored across a range of material, beginning with secondary sources, and ideally extending into qualitative primary research involving HR professionals, and retail staff themselves. The six main related secondary and primary sources. Guest, D.E., and Conway, N., (2004), Employee Well-being and the Psychological Contract: A Report for the CIPD, Chartered Institute of Personnel and Development, London. This source is essential because it provides an insight into both the agreed definitions of the psychological contract within the HR profession, and the application of that model in their vocational practice. Buchanan, D., and Huczynski, A., (2006), Organizational Behaviour: An Introductory Text, Prentice Hall/Financial Times, London. This source is essential as a prà ©cis of the relevant motivational theories, work of Herzberg, McGregor, Maslow, Adams, Vroom, Porter and Lawler. Analysis of the implications of McGregor’s X and Y theories of reward/coercion, and Herzberg’s concept of extrinsic and intrinsic rewards, as set out in Brooks, I., (2003), Organisational Behaviour: Individuals, Groups and Organisation, 2nd Ed, FT-Prentice Hall, London, and Fincham, R., and Rhodes, P., (2005), Principles of Organisational Behaviour, 4th Edition, Oxford University Press, Oxford. Within the extrinsic and intrinsic reward model, extrinsic rewards may be thought of as those of material considerations and working conditions, whilst intrinsic rewards are more honorific and interpersonal. Hofstede’s cultural dimensions index, as set out in Hofstede, G., (2003), Cultures and Organizations: Intercultural Cooperation and its Importance for Survival, Profile Business, London, and Gerte Hofstede Cultural Dimensions Website, INTERNET, available at http://www.geert-hofstede.com/hofstede_dimensions.php?culture1=95culture2=18#compare [viewed 26.10.08], would need to be employed to assess the different motivational models and tolerances which are increasingly visible in a multi-cultural workforce, and a globalizing retail sector. This would have to take account of Hofestede’s ideas of power distance, collectivism/individuality, long or short-term orientation, masculinity/femininity, and uncertainty avoidance. A comparative study of employee relationships between retail workers in Waitrose and the John Lewis partnership, and an other large retail group, i.e. Tesco’s, Woolworth or Argos. The rationale for this is that the John Lewis group is the only one to deploy an extensive profit sharing remuneration scheme with its employees. Comparative primary study of attitudes between retail employees and customers of the John Lewis partnership, and another, non-profit sharing retail group in the UK. To be carried out through a combination of†¦ questionnaires comprising binary yes/no responses and written answers to set questions. A small number of in-depth and semi-flexible individual interviews. Key theoretical approaches here would be evolved around a balance of phenomenological and positivist research formats, to obtain qualitatively useful data, which could also support statistical models with a possible wider application. McGregor’s extrinsic/intrinsic scale model questionnaire could be employed to lend a positivist dimension to the attitudinal data produced. This paper outlines some key themes in contemporary retailing HRM, focusing particularly on the significance of the psychological contract within the business, and the concept of work life balance. It argues that contemporary economic and trading conditions have tended to expose the way in which both issues are treated in the retail sector, and attributes this to continued trends for tertiary and part-time employment patterns. As Hooley et al. observe, ‘†¦Well developed marketing resources (assets and capabilities), when deployed in the marketplace, can lead to superior market performance. Satisfied and well motivated staff (a prime marketing asset), for example, can make a significant contribution to creating satisfied and loyal customers’ (Hooley et.al., p.21). At boardroom level however, contemporary pressures on costs may impinge upon staff CPD and retention. In the first instance, it may be helpful to foreground the concept of the psychological contract itself. As Sonnetag observes, ‘There is relatively consistent empirical evidence for a positive relationship between specific aspects of individual well being and.performance.’ (Sonnetag, p.4110 ). One way in which this symbiosis between employee motivation and output can be achieved, is through a management style which exceeds the formal terms of the contractual obligation in terms of an equitable relationship. As Williams indicates. ‘..this interpersonal aspect to fairness reminds us that there is a social basis to the exchange relationship between employer and employee and we might expect this to be part of the psychological contract.’ (Williams,1998: p.183). The concept of the psychological contract rests on the idea that workplace relationships inevitably develop beyond those encapsulated in explicit frameworks, hierarchies, and job descriptions. It is there fore perfectly feasible for management to de-motivate staff even though they are formally empowered to do so – by breaching ‘informal’ or psychologically accepted principles. As Guest and Conway point out, ‘†¦built on the three pillars of fairness, trust and delivery of the deal between organizations and employees, a positive psychological contract is the best guarantee of good performance outcomes.’ (Guest and Conway, 2003: p.vii). There is much empirical evidence to suggest that retail employers are acting to redress percived inadequacies in this area. For example, as Murray reports, fast-food giant McDonald’s has acted to improve its image since the term ‘McJob’ entered the Oxford english Dictionary, denoting ‘†¦an unstimulating, low-paid job with few prospects†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ (Murray 2008: n.p.) Part of the response has been to initiate CPD programmes which combine flexible working arrangements with learning programmes to develop staff skills and accreditation. Other retail management and service sector managers also see this as the route to recruit and retain the best staff. As Jack Constantinides, vice-president HR and business partner for Monster for Europe West and Prague explains, ‘People are looking for more from their job than just a chunky pay package – including job satisfaction, career prospects, training, benefits and crucially work-life balance’. (Murray 2008: n.p.). This suggests that, where costs will allow, more mature businesses may see the creation of value as the route to business stability through intrinsic as well as extrinsic employee reward. However, contemporary trading conditions may militate against the expenditure of such on-costs, at least for the time being. As Taylor reports, ‘The disclosure last week that Marks and Spencer wants to reduce redundancy benefits for staff has sparked union fears that the retail group is preparing the way for large-scale job cuts.’ (Taylor 2008: n.p.). MS are obviously not the only high-profile high street victims: As Kilgren and Braithwaite observe of the troubled Woolworth chain, ‘Up to a third of the 1,000 retail division staff at head office may lose their jobs†¦ PwC, auditor to Woolworth’s, pointed to material uncertainties which may cast significant doubt about the companys ability to continue as a going concern.’ (Kilgren and Braithwa ite, 2008: n.p.). When discussing the issue of work life balance amongst retail employees, it is arguably unhelpful to regard this couplet as representative of a homogeneous and undifferentiated employee group. In a sector strongly associated with casualized, part-time, and often female labour, it is important to recognize the way in which different social groups may derive a satisfactory relationship between their home and working lives. As Kirby observes, ‘At a time when female â€Å"returners† are set to become an increasingly significant element in the UK workforce, British retailing remains highly dependent on part-time female labour. At the same time, working conditions appear not to be as attractive as they might be. Pay remains low and career prospects and training opportunities are poor, especially for part-time employees†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ (Kirby 1993: p.205). It is at this point that the psychological contract and work-life balance are arguably drawn closer together, a point which may be reinforced by considering the motivational theories of Adams. As Huczyinski and Buchanan explain, ‘Adams proposed that we compare our rewards (pay, recognition) and contributions (time, effort, ideas) with the outputs and inputs of others. Equity thus exists when these rations are equal. Rewards can include a range of tangible and intangible factors†¦Inputs similarly relate to any factor that you believe you bring to the situation†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ (Huczyinski and Buchanan 2007: p.249). In other words, employers face a range of competing challenges when balancing employee satisfaction with business objectives. Bibliography Braithwaite, T., and Kilgren, L., ‘Woolies plans job cuts in bid to reduce its costs’, Financial Times, 18 September 2008, INTERNET, available at http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/96ef9e80-8519-11dd-b148-0000779fd18c.html, [viewed 14.10.08], n.p. Murray, S., ‘Staff want more than just their pay packet’, Financial Times, 8 July 2008, INTERNET, available at http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/eafbdc08-46af-11dd-876a-0000779fd2ac.html, [viewed 14.10.08], n.p. Bromley, R.D.F., and Thomas, C.J., (ed), (1993), Retail Change: contemporary issues, UCL Press, London. Guest, D.E., and Conway, N., (2004), Employee Well-being and the Psychological Contract: A Report for the CIPD, Chartered Institute of Personnel and Development, London. Hooley, G., Saunders, J., Piercy, N., (2004) Marketing Strategy and Competitive Positioning (3rd Edition) Prentice Hall, Essex Kirby, D.A. ‘Working conditions and the trading week’, in Bromley, R.D.F., and Thomas, C.J., (ed), (1993), Retail Change: contemporary issues, UCL Press, London, pp.192-207. Sonnetag, S., (ed), (2002), Psychological Management of Individual Performance, John Wiley and Sons, Chichester. Stacey, K., and Rigby, E., ‘Retail supply chain begins to turn rusty’, Financial Times, 8 Oct 2008, INTERNET, available at http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/a67ef3ae-94d3-11dd-953e-000077b07658.html [viewed 14.10.08], n.p. Taylor, A., ‘Inquiries on how to shed staff soar’, Financial Times, 25 Aug 2008, INTERNET, available at http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/6c8bed96-723c-11dd-a44a-0000779fd18c.html [viewed 15.10.08], n.p. Van der Lippe, T., and Peters, P., (2007), (eds), Competing Claims in Work and Family Life, Edward Elgar, Cheltenham. Williams, R.S., (1998) Performance Management: Perspectives on Employee Performance, International Thomson Business Press, St.Ives.

Randy Pausch’s Last lecture presentation

1. Randy Pausch’s Last lecture presentation is about achieving your childhood dreams, enabling the dreams of others, and how you can achieve your dreams or enable the dreams of others. Mr. Pausch had several childhood dreams these included: being in zero gravity, playing in the NFL, Authoring an article in the World Book Encyclopedia, being Captain Kirk, winning stuffed animals, and being a Disney Imagineer. He achieved his first dream of being in zero gravity when he was a professor and his students were taking part of a space ship demonstration.He did not achieve his dream of being a NFL player; however as a kid he was enrolled in football. He states that football taught him so many things, such as hard work, the fundamentals, and experience. He learned that when you’re screwing up and no one bothers to say anything to you that means that they stopped caring. He received an opportunity to write an article for the encyclopedia on virtual reality. He also won lots of bi g stuff animals for his family. Randy Pausch had done so well for himself in the virtual reality world that Captain Kirk came to meet him, and lastly he was able to work as a Disney Imagineer.Lastly, he ends his lecture with some important advice. He states to be good at something; it makes you valuable. He states to work hard, find the best in everybody; no matter how you have to wait for them to show it, and be prepared† â€Å"luck† is where preparation meets opportunity. I agree with his advice, one should not stop dreaming and striving for excellence. One should have fun, take chances and never give up. I feel that Mr. Pausch wanted to leave his family with one last positive legacy. 2. My childhood dreams were to be in NASA and go to space, have a family, to be wealthy and have my own island.I believe it is important to achieve your dreams; it keeps one striving for a goal and distracts one from seeing the negatives in his or her life. A dream defines you. 3. What I ’ve learned from my experiences with failure is that when one has a will there is a way. It gave me the opportunity to learn that I have people that will be there for me and help me understand that I’m not alone and that they will be with me through every step of the learning experience.4. The important life lessons I have learned so far are: that this is my ife and it’s up to me how I choose to live it, I have the right to choose my own destiny, I have also learned that family is more important than money, I have learned that nothing can buy you more happiness than a child and marrying the perfect woman, and always look on the bright side. 5. My last lecture would be about how to live life to the fullest. The five points I would communicate to others are: 1. Love and accept everyone including yourself 2. Laugh and be happy 3. Make a bucket list 4. Don’t hang onto the past 5. Don’t give up

Different forms of budgeting and their purpose

The intent of budgeting system is the set of processs used to function the demands of direction maps of planning and control that refers to the importance of communicating and motive as an facet of direction to which direction accounting should lend or develop. Budgeting systems have five ( 5 ) primary intents which include ; planning, easing communicating and coordination, apportioning resources, commanding net income and operations and measuring public presentation and supplying inducements. However, be aftering and control are the major activities in most administrations and budgets are at the Centre of these activities. The footings planning and control are used to propose that they mean the same thing, but they are two different constructs. Planing involves on persons who make up an administration to be after in front in other to accomplish those aims, whereas control involves in set uping budgets for different sections giving duties to single directors in the addition that the aims set down at the planning phase are all working toward that end through the parts of administration. Therefore, budgeting is important portion of planning and control because they both plan for the hereafter. A company public presentation determines by budgeting as a direction tool to back up motive, planning, communications and determination devising. Budget is a elaborate degree program which sets out, in money footings, where companies plan and maintain budget on either an accrual or hard currency footing. A budget is besides refers to as a fiscal footings or quantitative footings used to project future income and disbursals such as labour hours, stuff purchases, or units of gross revenues. Budgeting helps administrations implement specific schemes to run into ends and aims. Budgets are of class internal to the administration and like most direction accounting information, does non organize portion of the administration ‘s published fiscal statement. Hence, non everyone is responsible for fixing budgets, but everyone within an administration will be affected by them. ( Hugh Coombs, et.al, 2005, pg91 ) . Many senior direction duties are to enforce different budgets on different sections. Hence, if the readying of the budgets involves the employees in the administration at a lower degree so budgets is more likely to be accepted. These will do people work as a squad ensuing in increased motive. Employees will be more motivated with increase engagement and encouragement as this could besides be more good to hold a wages system such as addition on wages, publicities etc. All this will hold a large impact to the company and enables the company turn hence, if employees do n't acquire what they requested so, employees may disregard the system holding small importance to the concern and this could impact the aims of the company. In order to hold a successful budgeting, a good communicating should be efficaciously in order to run into marks and aims. Different types of budgets serve different intent. The type of budget includes maestro, capital, operating ( for income statement points comprised of gross and disbursals ) , fiscal ( for balance sheet points ) , gross revenues, capital, production and undertaking. These budgets are briefly explained below. Master Budget is the chief end product of a budgeting system. It is normally prepared yearly or quarterly. The maestro budget has three ( 3 ) constituents: the budgeted net income and loss history for the twelvemonth, the budgeted hard currency flow statement and the budgeted balance sheet. Operating and Financial Budgets the operating budget trades with how operations are carried out to bring forth an administration ‘s goods or services. The fiscal budget accent on how an administration will get fiscal resources during the budget period. Gross saless Budget is used to make company gross revenues ends that show the jutting gross revenues in units and the projected gross revenues gross. Capital Budget shows a anticipation of company demands in respect to capital assets, such as land, equipment, vehicles, edifices, and machinery. The capital budget helps the company program for acquisition and disposal of assets that include the usage of available hard currency or outside funding. Production Budget indicates the figure of units of services or goods that must be produced each budgeted period to run into gross revenues demands and to supply for the coveted stoping stock list. Undertaking Budget shows the anticipation of the costs associated with a peculiar company undertaking such as labor, stuffs and other related disbursals. The readying of budgets forces directors to believe about and program for the hereafter, which assumes to be the most of import characteristic of a budgetary planning and control system. This planning procedure encourages staffs from a administration to lend on regular footing to the formation of the overall program and to place possible troubles at an early phase. People ‘s personal budget allows them to cognize how much money they have to direct, how their financess are allocated to be after for the hereafter. A budget is tool usage to supply a agency of pass oning direction ‘s programs that guarantee all parts of the administration are kept to the full informed of the programs and of the policies. For illustration, if a household are traveling through a trouble with their budget, a good communicating will be a good tool to give a better apprehension of their budget. Furthermore, benefits of budget allow you to take the chance to cognize your exact fiscal place that kee ps the lines of communicating unfastened. Budgeting is one of the most of import direction constructs in modern concern administration. Harmonizing to Dawn ( 2003 ) , approximately 69 % companies in Europe still operate their twenty-four hours to twenty-four hours activities with formalistic traditional budgeting systems. This has develop the hereafter an administration and its environment, organizing activities and undertakings, advancing communicating between sections and actuating employees ( Webber & A ; Linder, 2005 ) & lt ; hypertext transfer protocol: //www.jcuedu.au/tldinfo/writingsskills/models/papers/ CO5103essay1.pdf & gt ; . Budgeting consumes excessively much clip and dearly-won to little concerns. For illustration, it could take 60 yearss for a large company to be after their budget.

Screening for Mental Health - 630 Words

One evidence-based intervention is designed by Screening for Mental Health [SMH], the program is called Signs of Suicide [SOS]. The Signs of Suicide program is an award winning program and it is also a nationally recognized program (). The Signs of Suicide program is designed for youth of various ages ranging from middle school and the way to high school (). This program helps students learn how to point out signs of depression and suicide in themselves or in their friends or family. This program recognizes the emotional distress that often follows the aftermath of a completed suicide. Suicide, according to the Signs of Suicide Program is both recognizable and treatable. A well-designed prevention program can educate the youth on how to spot the warning signs of depression, in people they love. The Signs of Suicide Program provides everyday risk management tools and information to judge, prevent and respond to signs of suicide (). 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Microeconomics, Macroeconomics, And Macroeconomics

Abstract Economics is made up of two smaller categories microeconomics, and macroeconomics. Microeconomics is more of a smaller scale such as an industry while macroeconomics is on a more national level. It is important to study economics even if you are not a business owner. For example, understanding economics and the market, you could better determine when to buy a house or when to start up a business. In a YouTube video titled â€Å"AP Econ Music Video Microeconomics SPHA†, a group of teenagers worked on a music video summarizing major concepts of economics. In that video, there are a lot of key factors such as supply, demand, monopolies, elasticity, and costs that are beneficial to both producers and consumers. Intro to†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"A shift in a demand or supply curve occurs when a good s quantity demanded or supplied changes even though price remains the same† (Heakal, 2015), moving the line left or right. There are many different determinates that can effect a shift. If there is a shift in the demand curve, then it Intro to Economics 4 may be caused by â€Å"preferences, new information, fear, hope governmental interference† (O sullivan, Shefferin, Perez, 2014). Factors that could cause a supply shift are â€Å"war, natural disasters, governmental interferences, and shortages of inputs† (O sullivan, Shefferin, Perez, 2014). Back in August of 2005 hurricane Katrina caused one hundred billion dollars in damage. Understanding shifts in supply and demand is important to know because you must know what may cause a change in the demand and supply. However, sometimes the equilibrium is not at the point where the supply and demand curves intersect. When this happens two things may happen, a market shortage, or a market surplus. A market surplus is an excess in supply, in other words the â€Å"quantity supplied exceeds the quantity demanded† (O sullivan, Shefferin, Perez, 2014). 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World War 1 Peace Conference - 1094 Words

Modern History Account for the different goals of the Big Three Allied leaders at the Paris Peace Conference The Paris Peace Conference took place in 1919 to set the peace terms for the defeated Central powers. Three men took charge called ‘The Big Three’ and they were President Woodrow Wilson of the United States, Prime Minister David Lloyd George of Great Britain and George Clemenceau of France. The Conference was initially planned as a pre-meeting to set the terms of what they were going to ask from Germany, but the pre-meeting quickly became the meeting where the decisions were made because they each had different ideas about what the terms of the treaty should be. â€Å"The Big Three† During the Paris peace conference†¦show more content†¦Poland to become an independent State with access to the sea - An independent Polish state should arise which should include the territories inhabited by indisputably Polish population, which should be assured a free and secure access to the sea 14. League of Nations to be set up – a general association of nations to be formed up for the purpose of affording mutual guarantees of political independence to small states Many people in Britain and France disagreed with his fourteen point plan. Wilson also created the League of Nations which was an intergovernmental organization. It was an organization whose principal mission was to maintain world peace and that war never broke out again. Wilson demanded a fair treaty that created a League of Nations and allowed for self-determination of all minor states. Treaty of Versailles The meeting of the Treaty of Versailles The Treaty of Versailles was one of the peace treaties at the end of World War 1. It took 6 months of negotiations at the Paris Peace Conference to conclude the peace Treaty which Germany had to accept or they will be invaded by the allies. Germany had to: * Return Alsace-Lorraine to France * Give Eupen and Malmedy to Belgium * Give up Sheleswig to Denmark * Give Danzig up to make it a free international city * Give WestShow MoreRelatedTreaty of Versailles was the End of World War I1731 Words   |  7 PagesAt the end of World War 1, all of the parties involved wanted to know what the terms of peace entailed for their country. To determine these details, the Paris Peace Conference, also known as the Versailles Peace Conference, was held in Versailles. The conference began in January 1919 and lasted until June 28 when the Treaty of Versailles was signed. Hundreds of allies and countries that fought in World War I were at the Paris Peace Conference to discuss the outcome of the war, although countriesRead MoreWorld War I And The Atomic Bomb1742 Words   |  7 PagesMAIN PARAGRAPHS 1. Introduction/briefly what it is 2. Exactly what it is (explain end of World War 2) 3. Reparations of Germany 4. Tensions with Soviet Union that led to cold war 5. Surrendering of Japan/ atomic bomb 6. 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I think the events that happened in the World War II is what made the world understand what human rights is. The world war started because of assassination of Archduke of Austria Hungary. Then the actual war started because Austria Hungary declared war on Serbia. The first world war I caused such a disaster such as failure of economic, failure of political and poverty. The Second World War II was worse thanRead MoreThe Ever Increasing Urgancy for World Peace1421 Words   |  6 Pagesviolent times in recorded history. There were over 98 million war related deaths, which is about six times the combined deaths of both the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. Orwell conveys each of these killings as â€Å"one mind less, one world less.† World peace would be an important goal to work towards. Many wanted to achieve world peace, however, there were many different visions for how this could be accomplished. Despite the many anti-war actions that occurred during the previous centuries, the twentiethRead MoreThe Paris Peace Conference Of 19191202 Words   |  5 PagesOwen McManus Mrs. Shandera, Mrs. Swartz English 11 Pd.8, AP History Pd.1 10 February 2017 Creating More Problems The Paris Peace Conference of 1919 opened on the 18th of January, with delegations from all over the world attending to lay claim to their desires, or gain reparations for their sacrifices throughout the greatest war the world had ever been subject to. The big four countries at the negotiating table were the British under Lloyd George, the French led by Georges Clemenceau, The ItaliansRead MoreWorld War I And The Treaty Of Versailles1604 Words   |  7 PagesHave you ever wondered why World War II happened despite World War I being the war to end all wars? World War I lasted four years and was very gruesome. Much of the Western Front was destroyed and about 10 million people died. Germany ended the war by ceasing fire and making an armistice on November 11, 1918. The Allied Power had successfully defeated the Central Powers and America had accomplished their goal to end the war. After the surrender from Germany, the Allied Power met up to make a treatyRead MoreComments of the Germa n Delegation to the Paris Peace Conference 1919709 Words   |  3 Pagesthe Paris Peace Conference 1919 1. According to the authors of Germany’s complaint. The various provisions of the treaty hurt Germany’s economy by forcing Germany to accept full responsibility for the damages caused not only by the Germans but also by everyone associated with them and the damage that was caused. As stated in the article, Comments of the German Delegation to the Paris Peace Conference, 1919 President Wilson recognized in his speech of 1916 â€Å"no single fact caused the war, but thatRead MoreWoodrow Wilsons Fourteen Points on the Paris Peace Settlement931 Words   |  4 Pages1. Assess the impact of Woodrow Wilson’s fourteen points on the Paris Peace Settlement and determine whether Wilson was successful in his goals. The Paris of Peace conference was held on January 1919 in Versailles just right outside of Paris. Paris of Peace conference was called to establish reasonable terms to make peace with the countries after World War I. In that conference there was almost thirty nations that were participates. The â€Å"Big Four† were there as well, the big four consisted of GreatRead MoreThe Paris Peace Conference and Versailles Treaty Essay1565 Words   |  7 PagesFailure At the end of World War I (WWI), as with most wars, it was necessary to hold a peace conference and due to the number of countries involved in the war, this task was extremely imposing. The desired conclusion of this conference was world peace, but with approximately 75% of the world nations represented and each country having it’s own agenda, the search for peace was elusive because of a desire for vengeance. This vengeance may have set the stage for World War II. On January 12th, 1919

Compare How the Poets Express Their Perspective free essay sample

By the sun being personified as kind and old it creates an image in the readers mind of someone who will help their friend and they imagine that the sun will help bring their comrade back from near death. However, by the sun being personified as old it can suggest to the reader that the sun cannot help their friend, as older people are often unable to help others because they have to look after themselves. In front of this background the act of war and killing seems ridiculous. Mametz Wood also includes personification, and Sheers uses it to personify the Earth as a watchful guardian now the Earth stands sentinel. However, sentinel could also mean that the Earth is watching the human race to see if we are going to do more damage to it. Juxtaposition is used in Mametz Wood to show how disturbed Owen Sheers was. The socketed heads tilted back at an angle suggests that the soldiers could be laughing as their heads we tilted back, although it can show the violent death of the soldiers by their necks being broken, which causes them to die. We will write a custom essay sample on Compare How the Poets Express Their Perspective or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This shows the disturbance that has been created in Owen Sheers’ mind, and therefore it makes the reader to feel disturbed as well. Futility uses an oxymoron, woke once the clays of a cold star, to show Owens perspective that conflict is futile. Cold star is relating to the Earth however, a star is a ball of hot rock and therefore it cannot be cold. By using the oxymoron, Owen is saying the sun once woke up the Earth, so the sun can wake up his comrade. Mametz Wood shows another of Sheers’ perspective on conflict which is how he thinks war/conflict is futile and brutal. It is clear from the first stanza through the connotations of words that by calling the soldiers the wasted young Sheers thinks war is futile as he describes the dead soldiers as wasted. The use of wasted shows how Sheers thought the soldiers were innocent people whose lives were wasted by fighting in war. The connotations of certain words in â€Å"Futility† also show how Owen perceives conflict as pointless. The words sun connotes warmth and life, and is the center of the poem as the sun wakes up the Earth; however it is not waking up the injured comrade. In the last stanza, the word sleep is contrasted with words that mean wake such as woke. The connotations of words are important because they show how Owen thinks that war is pointless. The poet’s perspectives can be shown through structure and the use of the title. The title of Futility adds to Wilfred Owens perspective of conflict as Futility means pointless, so Owen is showing how he thinks war is pointless and worthless. The title of â€Å"Mametz Wood† is considered to be ironic because the â€Å"wood† is where all of the dead soldiers have been buried, so in a way the â€Å"wood† is a mass grave. Owen Sheers begins Mametz Wood off in the past tense which shows how the horror is still present in the lives of the people, and it also forces the reader to acknowledge what the discovery of the bones means. I think this shows how the past events are still being made aware of the present. â€Å"Futility opens with an instruction move him into the sun- and it is in the present tense, making the poem relevant and immediate. In the last stanza of Futility, the poem ends with a series of rhetorical questions full nerved, still warm, too hard to stir? Was it for this the clay grew tall? which shows that Owen was challenging the whole concept of war and is questioning himself. By questioning himself, Wilfred Owen impacts the reader by making them think about the answers to the questions asked. Rhetorical questions express how Owen perceives conflict as pointless. Punctuation in both poems is used to draw the readers attention to a certain point the poets are trying to make. Hyphens are used in both Futility and Mametz Wood to signal a pause for the readers to think. Mametz Wood uses a hyphen in the line for years afterwards the farmers found them - to let the reader pause and question who them refers to which expresses how Sheers perceives conflict as brutal, because it is clear that many young soldiers died fighting. In â€Å"Futility†, hyphens are also used to let the reader pause and think about what message Owen was trying convey, and they were used on the first line of both stanzas â€Å"move him into the sun -† and â€Å"think how it wakes the seeds –â€Å". Owen uses half rhymes through Futility which give a disconcerting tone to the poem, sun/sown and once/France show this. The use of the half rhymes shows how Owen expresses his perspective that conflict is wrong. Mametz Wood only has two cases of rhyme, the rhyming of gun and run in the third stanza, and in the last stanza sung and tongues. The only two uses of rhyme could suggest that Sheers has had an epiphany at that moment in time. Through this, the reader discovers Sheers perception of conflict which is how he felt disturbed. In conclusion, both poems clearly express the perspective of the poets through lots of different techniques. I personally believe that Futility is more successful in expressing how Owen perceives conflict as futile, however, Mametz Wood creates powerful images that display the brutality of conflict and how Sheers views conflict as brutal.